ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <title>1.3.1</title> </head> <body> <A href="doc24.htm">@54K4CI0O</a> <A href="doc32.htm">!;54CNI0O</a> <A href="index.html">!>45@60=85</a> <hr> <H4 align="center"> ;020 1.3. #! -"!" !!" !  !!"/  -" #!/</H4> <H4 align="center"> §1.3.1.#A;>285 M:2820;5=B=>AB8 A8AB5< A8; </H4> <P></P> <P align="justify"><EM>25 A8AB5<K A8; =07K20NB M:2820;5=B=K<8, 5A;8 >=8, 1C4CG8 ?@8;>65=K ?>@>7=L : 01A>;NB=> B25@4><C B5;C 2K7>2CB >48=0:>2>5 459AB285.</EM></P> <P align="justify"><STRONG>"5>@5<0.</STRONG> <EM>;O M:2820;5=B=>AB8 42CE A8AB5< A8; =5>1E>48<> 8 4>AB0B>G=>, GB>1K 1K;8 @02=K 8E 3;02=K5 25:B>@K 8 3;02=K5 <><5=BK >B=>A8B5;L=> ?@>872>;L=>9 B>G:8.</EM></P> <P align="justify"> ;O C4>1AB20 4>:070B5;LAB20 22545< A>:@0I5==K5 >1>7=0G5=8O A8AB5< A8;. <5AB> A8AB5<K <EM><STRONG>(<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>1</SUB></STRONG></EM><EM><STRONG>,<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>2</SUB></STRONG></EM>, & , <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>n</SUB></STRONG></EM> ) 1C45< ?8A0BL<EM><STRONG>(<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG></EM>), 2<5AB> <EM><STRONG>(<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span><SUB>1</SUB></STRONG></EM>, <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span><SUB>2</SUB></STRONG></EM>, & , <EM><STRONG>(<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span><SUB>n</SUB></STRONG></EM> ) ?8A0BL<EM><STRONG>(<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span></STRONG></EM>), 2<5AB> (-<EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>1</SUB></STRONG></EM>, -<EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>2</SUB></STRONG></EM>, & , -<EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>n</SUB></STRONG></EM>) ?8A0BL (-<EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG></EM>). !>>B25BAB2CNI85 3;02=K5 25:B>@K 8 3;02=K5 <><5=BK 1C45< >1>7=0G0BL <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB></STRONG></EM>, <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB></STRONG></EM>, <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(-F)</SUB></STRONG></EM>, <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB></STRONG></EM>, <EM><STRONG>(<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB></STRONG></EM>, <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(-F)</SUB></STRONG></EM>. G5284=> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td width="100%" align="middle"> <P align="center"> <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(-F)</SUB> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">-F</span><SUB>1</SUB>, <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">-F</span><SUB>2</SUB> ... <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">-F</span><SUB>n</SUB> = - ( <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>1</SUB> + <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>2</SUB>...+ <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>n</SUB>) = - <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB>;</STRONG></EM></P> <P align="center"> <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(-F)</SUB> = " <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>O(-Fk)</SUB> = "[<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">r</span><SUB>k</SUB>x(-<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>k</SUB>)]= - "(<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">r</span><SUB>k</SUB>x<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>k</SUB>) = -"<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>O(Fk)</SUB> = - <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB>. </STRONG></EM> <P align="justify">>A:>;L:C :064K5 425 A8;K <EM><STRONG> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>k</SUB> </STRONG></EM> 8 -<EM><STRONG> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>k</SUB></STRONG></EM> ?@8;>65=K 2 >4=>9 B>G:5, B> </P> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td width="100%" align="middle"> <P align="center"> <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(-F)</SUB> + <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB> = 0;</P> <P align="center"> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(-F)</SUB> + <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB> = 0,</P></STRONG></EM> </td><td align="right">(<EM>a</EM>)</td></tr></table>B> 5ABL 3;02=K9 25:B>@ 8 3;02=K9 <><5=B A8AB5<K A8; ( <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>, <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">-F</span></STRONG></EM>) @02=K =C;N. !;54>20B5;L=>, A>3;0A=> B5>@5<5 > @02=>25A88, A8AB5<0 A8; ( <EM><STRONG> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>, <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">-F</span></STRONG></EM>) =0E>48BAO 2 @02=>25A88: <P></P> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td width="100%" align="middle"> <P align="center"> <EM><STRONG>(<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>, <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">-F</span>)</STRONG></EM> " 0.</P> </td><td align="right">(<EM>1</EM>)</td></tr></table> <P align="justify"> 5@5E>48< : 4>:070B5;LAB2C B5>@5<K. <EM>>:070B5;LAB2> =5>1E>48<>AB8N</EM> 0=>, GB> 425 A8AB5<K M:2820;5=B=K: </P> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td width="100%" align="middle"> <P align="center"> <EM><STRONG>(<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>) "<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span>).</STRONG></EM></P> </td><td align="right">(<EM>2</EM>)</td></tr></table> <P align="justify"> 04> 4>:070BL @025=AB2> 3;02=KE 25:B>@>2 8 3;02=KE <><5=B>2 MB8E A8AB5< A8; >B=>A8B5;L=> =5:>B>@>9 B>G:8.</P> <P align="justify"> 0<5=8< 2 CA;>288 (<EM>1</EM> ) A8AB5<C A8; (<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline"><EM><STRONG>F</STRONG></EM></span>) A8AB5<>9 A8; (<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline"><EM><STRONG>P</STRONG></EM></span>), GB> <>6=> A45;0BL A>3;0A=> CA;>28N (<EM>2</EM>). ">340 8<55< C@02=>25H5==CN A8AB5<C A8; (<EM><STRONG> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span>, - <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG></EM>). !>3;0A=> B5>@5<5 > @02=>25A88, 3;02=K9 25:B>@ 8 3;02=K9 <><5=B ?>A;54=59 A8AB5<K A8; 4>;65= 1KBL @025= =C;N. ">340, 8A?>;L7CO C@02=5=8O (<EM>0</EM> ), =0E>48<:</P> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td width="100%" align="middle"> <P align="center"> <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(P,-F)</SUB> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB> + <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(-F)</SUB> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB> - <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB> = 0;</P> <P align="center"> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(P,-F)</SUB> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB> + <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(-F)</SUB> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB> - <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB> = 0.</P></STRONG></EM></td></tr></table> <P align="left">BAN40 </P> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td width="100%" align="middle"><EM><STRONG> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB>; <br> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB>.</STRONG></EM> </td><td align="right">(<EM>3</EM>)</td></tr></table> <P align="left">GB> 8 B@51>20;>AL 4>:070BL. <P align="justify"><EM> >:070B5;LAB2> 4>AB0B>G=>AB8.</EM> 0=> CA;>285 (<EM>3</EM> ), B> 5ABL 40=>, GB> 3;02=K5 25:B>@K 8 3;02=K5 <><5=BK 42CE A8AB5< A8; (<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline"><EM><STRONG>P</STRONG></EM></span>) 8 (<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline"><EM><STRONG>F</STRONG></EM></span>) A>>B25BAB25==> @02=K. 04> 4>:070BL, GB> MB8 A8AB5<K A8; M:2820;5=B=K, B> 5ABL =04> 4>:070BL CA;>285 (<EM>2</EM> ):</P> <P align="center"><EM><STRONG> (<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span>) " (<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>).</STRONG></EM></P> <P align="justify"> 0AA<>B@8< A8AB5<C A8; (<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">-F</span>, <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span>) 8, CG8BK20O (<EM>0</EM>) 8 (<EM>3</EM> ), ?>;CG8< 5Q 3;02=K9 25:B>@ 8 3;02=K9 <><5=B @02=K =C;N. @C38<8 A;>20<8, MB0 A8AB5<0 A8; =0E>48BAO 2 @02=>25A88: <P align="center"> <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(P,-F)</SUB> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB> + <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(-F)</SUB> = - <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB> &nbsp;+ <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB> = 0;</P> <P align="center"> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(P,-F)</SUB> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB> + <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(-F)</SUB> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(P)</SUB> - <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">M</span><SUB>equO(F)</SUB> = 0.</STRONG></EM> </P> <P align="justify"> >MB><C ( <EM><STRONG> -<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>, <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span>).</STRONG></EM> !>3;0A=> B@5BL59 0:A8><5, ?@8A>548=8< : A8AB5<5 (<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline"><EM><STRONG>F</STRONG></EM></span>) C@02=>25H5==CN A8AB5<C A8; (-<EM><STRONG> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>, <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span></STRONG></EM>), 0 70B5< 8A:;NG8< C@02=>25H5==CN A8AB5<C A8; <EM><STRONG> (-<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>, <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG></EM>).</STRONG></EM> ">340 ?>;CG8<:</P> <P align="center"><EM><STRONG> (<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>) " (<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>, -<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span>, <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span>) "(<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">P</span>),</STRONG></EM></P> <P align="left">GB> 8 B@51>20;>AL 4>:070BL.</P></td> <P></P></tr></P> </body> </html>