ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <TITLE>1.2.3</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <A href="doc22.htm">@54K4CI0O</a> <A href="doc24.htm">!;54CNI0O</a> <A href="index.html">!>45@60=85</a> <hr> <H4 align="center"> §1.2.3. 0A?@545;5==0O =03@C7:0</H4> <P align="justify"> > A?>A>1C ?@8;>65=8O =03@C7:8 1K20NB <EM>A>A@54>B>G5==K5</EM> 8 <EM>@0A?@545;5==K5.</EM> KH5 @0AA<0B@820;8 A>A@54>B>G5==K5 =03@C7:8, ?@54?>;030O, GB> =03@C7:0 2 MB>< A;CG05 A>A@54>B>G5=0 2 B>G:5. !>A@54>B>G5==0O A8;0 - 01AB@0:F8O, B0: :0: 2AO:0O @50;L=0O =03@C7:0 ?@8;>65=0 : :0:><C-B> CG0AB:C ;8=88, ?;>I048, >1J5<C. 0?@8<5@, 4065 A8;0, ?5@540205<0O ?> =8B8, @0A?@545;5=0 ?> ?;>I048 ?>?5@5G=>3> A5G5=8O =8B8. > 2> <=>38E A;CG0OE, AE5<0B878@CO O2;5=8O, <>6=> AG8B0BL =03@C7:C A>A@54>B>G5==>9. 4=0:> G0AB> 1K205B =52>7<>6=> ?@5=51@5GL B5<, GB> : @0AA<0B@8205<><C B5;C ?@8;>65=0 A?;>H=0O =03@C7:0. @8 MB>< @07;8G0NB =03@C7:C :0: @0A?@545;5==CN ?> ?>25@E=>AB8, B0: 8 ?> ;8=88. @8<5@0<8 A?;>H=KE =03@C7>: <>3CB A;C68BL =03@C7:0 75<;59, ?5A:><, 402;5=85 684:>AB8 2 @575@2C0@5 8 B0: 40;55. </P> <P align="justify"> ;O E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 @0A?@545;5==>9 =03@C7:8 ?> 4;8=5 1@CA0 22>4OB ?>=OB85 8=B5=A82=>AB8. CABL ?@O<>;8=59=K9 3>@87>=B0;L=K9 1@CA =03@C65= A?;>H=>9 =03@C7:>9. 0?@028< >AL <EM>x</EM> ?> 4;8=5 1@CA0, 0 =0G0;> :>>@48=0B 2>7L<5< 2 ;52>< :>=F5 10;:8 (@8A.28,0). 1>7=0G8< @02=>459AB2CNICN A8; BO65AB8 A?;>H=>9 =03@C7:8 >B =0G0;0 1@CA0 4> B>G:8<EM>A</EM> G5@57 <EM><STRONG> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>wx</SUB></STRONG></EM>. A;8 ?@81028< <0;K9 M;5<5=B 4;8=>9 <EM>dx</EM>, B> ?@81028BAO 25A <EM><STRONG> d<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span><SUB>wx</SUB></STRONG></EM> M;5<5=B0 A?;>H=>9 =03@C7:8, ;560I59 =0 CG0AB:5 <EM>dx</EM>. 03@C7:0 =0 548=8FC 4;8=K 1@CA0 =0 @0AAB>O=88 x >B 5Q ;52>3> :>=F0 >?@545;O5BAO >B=>H5=85<:&nbsp; <EM>w<SUB>x</SUB> = dF<SUB>wx</SUB>/ dx</EM> , B> 5ABL ?@>872>4=>9 >B 25;8G8=K A?;>H=>9 =03@C7:8 ?> :>>@48=0B5 <EM>x.</EM> 5;8G8=C <EM>w<SUB>x</SUB></EM> =07K20NB<EM> 8=B5=A82=>ABLN A?;>H=>9</EM> <EM>=03@C7:8</EM>, >=0 8<55B @07<5@=>ABL A8;K, 45;5==>9 =0 4;8=C, =0?@8<5@ /<. 0 @8A. 28, 0 40=> 3@0D8G5A:>5 87>1@065=85 8=B5=A82=>AB8 A?;>H=>9 =03@C7:8. @8=OB> CA;>2=> 87>1@060BL @0A?@545;5==CN =03@C7:C =04 1@CA><, 5A;8 >=0 459AB2C5B A25@EC 2=87, 8 87>1@060BL ?>4 1@CA><, 5A;8 >=0 459AB2C5B A=87C 225@E. "0: :0: <EM>dF<SUB>wx</SUB> = w</EM><SUB>x</SUB><EM>dx</EM>, B> <EM>dF<SUB>wx</SUB></EM> ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 ?;>I04L <EM>ABB<SUB>1</SUB>A<SUB>1.</SUB></EM> >;=CN @02=>459AB2CNICN&nbsp;&nbsp; A?;>H=>9 =03@C7:8&nbsp; ?>;CG05< 8=B53@8@>20=85< MB>3> 2K@065=8O ?> 4;8=5 CG0AB:0: </P> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td width="100%" align="middle"> <P align="center"><EM> F<SUB>wx</SUB> = +"w<SUB>x</SUB>dx.</EM></P> </td><td align="right">(2.15)</td></tr></table> <P align="justify"> =K<8 A;>20<8, @02=>459AB2CNI0O =03@C7:0 >?@545;O5BAO ?;>I04LN <EM>ODBA</EM>, =07K205<>9 <EM>3@C7>2>9</EM> <EM>?;>I04LN. </EM> <P><EM></EM></P> <P align="center"><IMG border=0 alt="" src="28.GIF" width=450 height=126></P> <P align="justify">8=8O 459AB28O @02=>459AB2CNI59 ?@>E>48B G5@57 F5=B@ BO65AB8 3@C7>2>9 ?;>I048. "0:, F5=B@ BO65AB8 @02=>459AB2CNI59 @02=><5@=>9 A?;>H=>9 =03@C7:8, :>B>@CN A;54C5B 87>1@060BL ?@O<>C3>;L=8:><, =0E>48BAO 2 B>G:5 ?5@5A5G5=8O 4803>=0;59 (@8A. 28,1). </P> </BODY> </HTML>