ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <title>1.1.4</title> </head> <body> <A href="doc13.htm">@54K4CI0O</a> <A href="doc15.htm">!;54CNI0O</a> <A href="index.html">!>45@60=85</a> <hr> <H4 align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; §1.1.4. @>5:F88 =0 >AL A8;K 8 25:B>@=>9 AC<<K A8;</H4> <P align="justify">ALN =07K20NB 15A:>=5G=CN ?@O<CN, 4;O :>B>@>9 >4=> 87 42CE =0?@02;5=89 24>;L ?@O<>9 2K1@0=> :0: ?>;>68B5;L=>5. 284C >A>1>9 206=>AB8 4;O B5>@88 8 @5H5=8O 7040G =0?><=8< 8725AB=>5 87 <0B5<0B8:8 >?@545;5=85 ?@>5:F88 =0 >AL 2AO:>3> 25:B>@0, 2 =0H5< A;CG05 - 25:B>@0 A8;K.<EM> @>5:F859 25:B>@0 <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span> = <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">AB</span></STRONG> =0 >AL l (@8A.7) =07K20NB >B@57>: A<SUB>1</SUB>B<SUB>1</SUB> >A8 l, 70:;NG5==K9 <564C 42C<O ?;>A:>ABO<8, ?5@?5=48:C;O@=K<8 >A8 l 8 ?@>E>4OI8<8 G5@57 =0G0;> (B>G:0 <SUB>1</SUB>) 8 G5@57 :>=5F ( B>G:0 ) 25:B>@0<STRONG> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG>.</EM> ">G:0 <EM>A</EM><SUB>1</SUB>>?@545;O5B =0G0;> ?@>5:F88, 0 B>G:0 <EM>B</EM><SUB>1</SUB> - :>=5F ?@>5:F88. "0:8< >1@07><, ?@>5:F8O A8;K =0 >AL O2;O5BAO 35><5B@8G5A:>9 <IMG border=0 alt="" align=right src="07.GIF" width=333 height=215> D83C@>9 - ?@O<>;8=59=K< >B@57:><. !;54C5B >B;8G0BL ?@>5:F8N >B 25;8G8=K ?@>5:F88. A;8 2 2K1@0==>< <0AHB015 A8; 87<5@8BL 4;8=C ?@>5:F88 8 ?@8?8A0BL ?>;CG5==><C G8A;C 7=0: ?;NA 8;8 <8=CA, B> ?>;CG5==>5 0;351@08G5A:>5 G8A;> =07K20NB <EM>25;8G8=>9 ?@>5:F88. A;8 =0?@02;5=85 >B =0G0;0 ?@>5:F88 <SUB>1</SUB> : :>=FC ?@>5:F88 <SUB>1</SUB> A>2?0405B A ?>;>68B5;L=K< =0?@02;5=85< >A8, B> 25;8G8=C ?@>5:F88 15@CB A> 7=0:>< ?;NA, 0 2 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>< A;CG05 - A> 7=0:>< <8=CA.</EM>  40;L=59H5<, ?>4@07C<520O 25;8G8=C ?@>5:F88, 1C45< 4;O :@0B:>AB8 3>2>@8BL ?@>AB> - ?@>5:F8O. </P> <P align="justify"> "0: :0: ?;>A:>AB8 <EM>1</EM> 8 <EM></EM> ?5@?5=48:C;O@=K >A8 <EM>l</EM>, B> 8 ?@O<K5 <EM> AA<SUB>1</SUB></EM> 8 <EM> BB<SUB>1</SUB></EM> ?5@?5=48:C;O@=K MB>9 65 >A8. >MB><C <EM> ?@>5:F8N F<SUB>l </SUB>= A<SUB>1</SUB>B<SUB>l </SUB>25:B>@0 A8;K<STRONG> <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG> = <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">AB</span></STRONG> <>6=> ?>;CG8BL, >?CAB82 ?5@?5=48:C;O@K 87 =0G0;0 8 :>=F0 25:B>@0 =0 >AL l.</EM> </P> <P align="justify"> @>2545< 4@C3CN >AL <EM> l<SUB>1</SUB></EM> ?0@0;;5;L=> >A8 <EM>l</EM>. AL<EM> l<SUB>1</SUB></EM><SUB> </SUB>?5@5A5G5BAO A ?;>A:>ABLN <EM></EM> 2 B>G:5 <EM>!</EM>. "0: :0: >B@57:8 ?0@0;;5;L=KE <564C ?0@0;;5;L=K<8 ?;>A:>ABO<8 @02=K, B> <EM> AC = A<SUB>1</SUB>B<SUB>1 </SUB>= F<SUB>1</SUB></EM> . !;54>20B5;L=>, ?@8 >?@545;5=88 ?@>5:F88 A8;K =0 >AL <>6=> A8;C 8;8 >AL ?5@5=>A8BL ?0@0;;5;L=> B0:, GB>1K ?>;CG8;8AL ?5@5A5:0NI85AO ?@O<K5, 8 A8;C AG8B0BL ?@8;>65==>9 2 :0:>9-;81> B>G:5 >A8. </P> <P align="justify"> #3;>< ± <564C A8;>9 <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline"><EM>F</EM></span></STRONG> 8 ?>;>68B5;L=K< =0?@02;5=85< >A8 <EM> l<SUB>1</SUB></EM><SUB> </SUB>(8;8 <EM>l</EM> ) =07K20NB C3>;, >1@07>20==K9 2@0I5=85< ?@>B82 G0A>2>9 AB@5;:8 >A8 l 2>:@C3 B>G:8 <EM>A</EM> 4> A>2?045=8O A 25:B>@>< A8;K. "0:>5 >?@545;5=85 C3;0 ± ?>72>;O5B 40BL 548=CN D>@<C;C 4;O =0E>645=8O 25;8G8=K ?@>5:F88 A8;K =0 >AL ?@8 2A5E 2>7<>6=KE @0A?>;>65=8OE A8;K >B=>A8B5;L=> >A8 (@8A.8): <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="100%" align="middle"><EM>F<SUB>l </SUB>= Fcos±</EM> </td> <td align="right">(1.3)</td> </tr> </table> </P> <P align=justify>&nbsp;345 ± = (<EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG>^ l</EM> ). </P> <P align="center"><IMG border=0 alt="" src="08.GIF" width=639 height=278></P> <P align="justify"> "0: :0: :>A8=CA >AB@>3>&nbsp;C3;0 ?>;>68B5;5= 8 :0B5B <EM>AC </EM>@025= 38?>B5=C75, C<=>65==>9 =0 :>A8=CA ?@8;560I53> C3;0, B> 4;O ?>;>65=8O 1 A?@0254;82>ABL D>@<C;K (1.3) >G5284=0 ( 2 :@C6>G:0E C:070=K 7=0:8 25;8G8= ?@>5:F89). ;O ?>;>65=8O 2 25;8G8=5 >B@57:0 <EM> AC </EM>A;54C5B ?@8?8A0BL 7=0: <8=CA, B0: :0: =0?@02;5=85 ?@>5:F88 >B B>G:8 <EM>A</EM> : B>G:5 <EM>C </EM> ?@>B82>?>;>6=> ?>;>68B5;L=><C =0?@02;5=8N >A8 <EM>l</EM>. >;CG05<<EM> F<SUB>1</SUB> = -AC = -Fcos² = -Fcos(180 -±) = Fcos±,</EM> B0: :0: <EM>cos(180 -±) = -cos²</EM>. =0;>38G=CN :0@B8=C 8<55< 8 4;O ?>;>65=89 3 8 4.  A;CG0OE 5 A>3;0A=> (1.3) <EM> F<SUB>l</SUB> = F</EM> , ?>A:>;L:C ± = 0<SUP>o</SUP>, 0 <EM>cos 0</EM> <SUP><EM>o</EM> </SUP>= 1.  A;CG05 6 <EM> F<SUB>l </SUB>= - F</EM> ,?>A:>;L:C ± = 180<SUP>></SUP>, 0 cos 180<SUP>o</SUP> = -1.  ?>;>65=8OE 7 8 8, B> 5ABL ?@8 ± = 90<SUP>></SUP> 8 ± = 270<SUP>></SUP>, <EM> F<SUB>l</SUB></EM>= 0, ?>A:>;L:C cos90 <SUP> o </SUP> = cos270<SUP>o</SUP> = 0."0:8< >1@07>< D>@<C;0 (1.3) A?@0254;820 4;O 2A5E ?>;>65=89 A8;K. </P> <P align="justify"> 1@0I05< 2=8<0=85, GB> 2 A;CG05 2, :0: 1K;> ?>:070=>, <EM> F<SUB>l </SUB>= - Fcos²</EM> , 2 A;CG05 3 8<55<<EM> F<SUB>l </SUB>= - Fcos²</EM> 8 4;O A;CG0O 4 : <EM> F<SUB>l </SUB>= Fcos²</EM> . BAN40 A;54C5B ?@0:B8G5A:89 2K2>4, 206=K9 ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G.</P> <P align="justify"> <EM> 'B>1K, ?>;L7COAL D>@<C;>9 (1.3), =5 ?@8<5=OBL D>@<C; ?@82545=8O 87 B@83>=><5B@88, ;CGH5 =5 1@0BL :>A8=CAK C3;>2, 1>;LH8E 90<SUP>></SUP>, 0 2A5340 ?@8 2KG8A;5=88 ?@>5:F88 C<=>68BL <>4C;L A8;K =0 :>A8=CA 55 >AB@>3> C3;0 A >ALN, 0 B>B 8;8 8=>9 7=0: 25;8G8=K ?@>5:F88 ?@8?8AK20BL, ?>;L7COAL G5@B56><, B> 5ABL =5?>A@54AB25==K< >?@545;5=85< 7=0:0 ?@>5:F88 </EM> . </P> <P align="justify"> 5@=5<AO : ?0@0;;5;>3@0<<C A8; (A<.@8A.3). B@57>: <EM>AB</EM> @025= 8 ?0@0;;5;5= >B@57:C <EM>CD</EM> . >MB><C, 5A;8 <KA;5==> (=0 A0<>< 45;5 A8;0 <EM> <strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></strong><SUB>2</SUB></EM> ?@8;>65=0 2 B>G:5 <EM>!</EM> ) >B;>68BL 25:B>@ A8;K <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>2</SUB></EM> >B :>=F0 25:B>@0 A8;K <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>1</SUB></EM>, B> @02=>459AB2CNI0O <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>res</SUB></EM> 8<55B =0G0;> 2 =0G0;5 ?5@2>9 A8;K 8 :>=5F - 2 :>=F5 2B>@>9 A8;K. "0:>5 ?>AB@>5=85 =07K20NB <EM>?@028;>< A8;>2>3> B@5C3>;L=8:0</EM> (@8A.9,0). </P> <P align="justify"> 0AA<>B@8< ?CG>: A8; ,B> 5ABL A8AB5<C A8;, ?@8;>65==KE 2 >4=>9 B>G:5 (@8A.9,0). !:;04K20O A8;K <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>1</SUB></EM> 8 <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>2</SUB></EM> ?> ?@028;C A8;>2>3> B@5C3>;L=8:0, ?>;CG05< @02=>459AB2CNICN <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>12</SUB></EM>. 0B5< ?> B><C 65 ?@028;C A:;04K205< <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>12</SUB></EM> 8 <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>3</SUB></EM> 8 ?>;CG05< @02=>459AB2CNICN B@5E A8; <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>123</SUB></EM>. ><0=CN ;8=8N <EM>CABD</EM>, 725=LO :>B>@>9 @02=K 8 ?0@0;;5;L=K 40==K< A8;0<, =07K20NB A8;>2K< <=>3>C3>;L=8:><. BAN40 ?@028;> A8;>2>3> <=>3>C3>;L=8:0: <EM>GB>1K A;>68BL A8AB5<C A8;, ?@8;>65==KE 2 >4=>9 B>G:5, =04> >B :>=F0 ?5@2>9 A8;K >B;>68BL 25:B>@ 2B>@>9 A8;K, >B :>=F0 2B>@>9 A8;K >B;>68BL 25:B>@ B@5BL59 A8;K 8 B0: 40;55. 5:B>@ @02=>459AB2CNI59 8<55B =0G0;> 2 =0G0;5 ?5@2>9 A8;K 8 :>=5F - 2 :>=F5 ?>A;54=59 A8;K.</EM> </P> <P align="center"><IMG border=0 alt="" src="09.GIF" width=496 height=175></P> <P align="justify">!;>65=85 A8; ?> ?@028;C A8;>2>3> <=>3>C3>;L=8:0 =07K20NB<EM> 25:B>@=K< AC<<8@>20=85<</EM>. A2O78 A MB8< A;54C5B >1@0B8BL 2=8<0=85 =0 A;54CNI55.  @0AA<>B@5==>< A;CG05, :>340 2A5 A8;K ?@8;>65=K 2 >4=>9 B>G:5, @02=>459AB2CNI0O A8; <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>res</SUB></EM> 8 8E 25:B>@=0O AC<<0 <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>sum</SUB></EM> A>2?040NB. =45:A <EM> sum </EM> >B <EM>summary </EM> (0=3;.) - AC<<0@=0O. 4=0:> ACI5AB2CNB B0:85 A8AB5<K A8;, 4;O :>B>@KE 25:B>@=0O AC<<0 =5 M:2820;5=B=0 A8AB5<5 A8;, B> 5ABL =5 O2;O5BAO @02=>459AB2CNI59. 0?@8<5@, 5A;8 1K =0 @8A.9,1 87>1@078;8 25:B>@ <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>123</SUB></EM> A =0G0;>< =5 2 B>G:5<EM> !</EM>, 0 2 :0:>9-=81C4L 4@C3>9 B>G:5, =5 ;560I59 =0 ?@O<>9 <EM>CD</EM>, B> 2 =>2>< ?>;>65=88 MB>B 25:B>@ >AB0;AO 1K 25:B>@=>9 AC<<>9 2A5E 40==KE A8;, => C65 =5 1K; 1K 8E @02=>459AB2CNI59.</P> <P align="justify"> !8AB5<C A8;, ;8=88 459AB28O :>B>@KE ?5@5A5:0NBAO 2 >4=>9 B>G:5, =07K20NB <EM>A8AB5<>9 AE>4OI8EAO A8;</EM> .  MB>< A;CG05 2A5 A8;K ?@8;>65==K5 : B25@4><C B5;C <>6=> ?5@5=>A8BL ?> ;8=88 8E 459AB28O 8 ?@8;>68BL : >1I59 B>G:5 ?5@5A5G5=8O - <EM>B>G:5 AE>40 A8;</EM>. !;54>20B5;L=>, <EM> =5C@02=>25H5==0O A8AB5<0 A8; 8<55B @02=>459AB2CNICN A8;C, ?@8;>65==CN 2 B>G:5 AE>40 MB8E A8; 8 @02=CN 25:B>@=>9 AC<<5 2A5E 7040==KE A8;:</EM></P> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td width="100%" align="middle"> <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>res</SUB> = <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>1</SUB> + <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>2</SUB> + & + <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>n</SUB> = "<STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>k</SUB></EM>, </td><td align="right">(1.4)</td></tr></table> <P align=justify>345 7=0: " (A83<0) >7=0G05B AC<<C. </P> <P align="justify"> 0AA<>B@8< G0AB=K9 A;CG09 A8;>2>3> <=>3>C3>;L=8:0, :>340 25:B>@K A8; @0A?>;>65=K =0 >4=>9 ?@O<>9 (@8A.10). ;O =03;O4=>AB8 25:B>@=0O AC<<0 <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>sum</SUB></EM> ?@>2545=0 =5 ?> ?@O<>9, 0 @O4><. $>@<C;0 (1.4), <IMG style="HEIGHT: 175px" border=0 alt="" align=right src="10.GIF" width=200 height=175 > :>=5G=>, A?@0254;820, => <>6=> ?>;CG8BL ?@>ABK5 A>>B=>H5=8O 8 <564C <>4C;O<8 A8;.  A;CG05, 87>1@065==>< =0 @8A.10,0, 8<55< </P> <P aling="center"><EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>sum</SUB> = <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>1</SUB> + <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>2</SUB></EM>.</P> <P aling="justify"> ;O A;CG0O, 87>1@065==>3> =0 @8A.10,1,</P> <P aling="center"><EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>sum</SUB> = [<STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>2</SUB> + (-<STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>1</SUB>)].</EM> <P></P> <P align="justify"> !;54>20B5;L=>, <EM>25:B>@=0O AC<<0 A8;, =0?@02;5==KE 2 >4=C AB>@>=C ?> >4=>9 ?@O<>9, =0?@02;5=0 2 BC 65 AB>@>=C 8 @02=0 ?> <>4C;N 0@8D<5B8G5A:>9 AC<<5 <>4C;59 A>AB02;ONI8E A8;. A;8 65 A8;K =0?@02;5=K ?> ?@O<>9 2 ?@>B82>?>;>6=K5 AB>@>=K, B> <>4C;L @02=>459AB2CNI59 @025= 01A>;NB=><C 7=0G5=8N 0;351@08G5A:>9 AC<<K <>4C;59 A>AB02;ONI8E A8;, ?@8G5< @02=>459AB2CNI0O =0?@02;5=0 2 AB>@>=C 1>;LH59 ?> <>4C;N A8;K</EM> . G5284=>, MB> 70:;NG5=85 A?@0254;82> 4;O ?@>872>;L=>3> G8A;0 A8;. </P> <P align="justify"> 7 25:B>@=>9 0;351@K 8725AB=0 B5>@5<0 > ?@>5:F88 25:B>@=>9 AC<<K: <EM>?@>5:F8O 25:B>@=>9 AC<<K A8; =0 :0:CN-;81> >AL @02=0 AC<<5 ?@>5:F89 A>AB02;ONI8E A8; =0 BC 65 >AL:</EM></P> <P align="center"><EM>F<SUB>sum,l</SUB> = "F<SUB>kl</SUB>,</EM>&nbsp; (1.4)</EM> </P> <P align="justify"> 345 <EM> F<SUB>kl</SUB></EM> - ?@>5:F8O A8;K, ?>@O4:>2K9 =><5@ :>B>@>9 k, =0 >AL l. @8=O2 70 >A8 ?@>5:F89 :>>@48=0B=K5 >A8, A>3;0A=> (1.4) 8<55< </P> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td width="100%" align="middle"> <EM>F<SUB>sum,x</SUB> = "F<SUB>kx</SUB>; &nbsp;F<SUB>sum,y</SUB> = "F<SUB>ky</SUB>; &nbsp;F<SUB>sum,z</SUB> = "F<SUB>kz</SUB>.</EM>&nbsp; </td><td align="right">(1.5)</td></tr></table> <P align="justify"> 7 25:B>@=>9 0;351@K 8725AB=>, GB> ?@>5:F88 25:B>@0 >?@545;ONB 53> ?> <>4C;N 8 =0?@02;5=8N A>3;0A=> D>@<C;0<, :>B>@K5 70?8H5< 4;O 25:B>@=>9 AC<<5:</P> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="100%" align="middle"><IMG alt="" src="37.GIF"></td> <td align="right">(1.6)</td> </tr> </table><br clear="all"> 345 ±, ², ³ - C3;K <EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>sum</SUB></EM> c >AO<8 :>>@48=0B. <P></P> <P align="justify">  40;L=59H5< ?>=04>18BAO B0: =07K205<>5 <EM>?@028;> ?0@0;;5;5?8?540</EM>, :>B>@>5 ?>;CG8BAO, 5A;8 420 @070 ?@8<5=8BL ?@028;> ?0@0;;5;>3@0<<0 A8;. 7 ?>AB@>5=8O =0 @8A. 11 2848<, GB> <IMG border=0 alt="" align=left src="11.GIF" width=263 height=189> <EM>@02=>459AB2CNI0O <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>res</SUB> B@5E A8; <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>1</SUB>, <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>2</SUB>, <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>3</SUB>, ?@8;>65==KE 2 >4=>9 B>G:5, ?@8;>65=0 2 B>9 65 B B>G:5 8 @02=0 ?> <>4C;N 8 =0?@02;5=8N 4803>=0;8 ? 0 ?0@0;;5;5?8?540, @51@0 :>B>@>3> @02=K 8 ?0@0;;5;L- =K 7040==K< A8;0<.</EM> !>3;0A=> ?@028;C ?0@0;;5;5?8?540 7040==CN A8;C <EM> <STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></STRONG><SUB>res</SUB></EM> <>6=> @07;>68BL ?> B@5< 7040==K< =0?@02;5=8O< <EM>l<SUB>1</SUB>, l<SUB>2</SUB>, l<SUB>3</SUB></EM> 548=AB25==K< >1@07><: <P align="center><STRONG><span style=" overbline TEXT-DECORATION:><EM><STRONG><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</span></SPAN></STRONG><SUB>res</SUB></STRONG> = <STRONG><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</SPAN></STRONG><SUB>1</SUB> + <STRONG><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</SPAN></STRONG><SUB>2</SUB> + <STRONG><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">F</SPAN></STRONG><SUB>3</SUB></EM>. (1.7) </P> <P align=justify><B>@8<5@ 1.3.</B> 09B8 <>4C;L 8 =0?@02;5=85 @02=>459AB2CNI59 A8AB5<K A8;, 87>1@065==>9 =0 @8A.12. =0G5=8O <>4C;59 MB8E A8;:<EM> F<SUB>1</SUB> = 5 H; F<SUB>2 </SUB>= 3"<span style="TEXT-DECORATION: overline">2</span> H; F3 = F<SUB>3</SUB>= 8 H; F<SUB>4</SUB> = 5 H; F<SUB>5</SUB> = 7 H; ± = 45<SUP>o</SUP>.</EM></P> <P align="justify"><EM> 5H5=85.</EM> !>3;0A=> (1.6) <EM>F res,x = F2 cos± + F3 - F5 = 3"2 cos45o + 8 - 7= 4 H; F res,y = F1 + F2 cos 45o - F4 = 5 + 3"2 cos45o - 5 = 3 H; Fres = "F2res,x + F2res,y = "42 + 32 = 5 &lt; /EM &gt; </P> <P align=center> <IMG border=0 alt="" src="12.GIF" width=214 height=167 ></P></EM> </body> </html>